在 Windows 上安装 Rust

首先，要从 https://rustup.rs/ 下载 rustup-init.exe ，执行该程序，跳出以下字符界面，要求我们安装 Visual C++。如果有 Cygwin 下已经有了 g++，那就可以跳过 Visual C++ 的安装了。在 Continues? 处选择 Y，回车：

Rust Visual C++ prerequisites

Rust requires the Microsoft C++ build tools for Visual Studio 2013 or
later, but they don't seem to be installed.

The easiest way to acquire the build tools is by installing Microsoft
Visual C++ Build Tools 2019 which provides just the Visual C++ build
tools:

  https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/

Please ensure the Windows 10 SDK and the English language pack components
are included when installing the Visual C++ Build Tools.

Alternately, you can install Visual Studio 2019, Visual Studio 2017,
Visual Studio 2015, or Visual Studio 2013 and during install select
the "C++ tools":

  https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/

Install the C++ build tools before proceeding.

If you will be targeting the GNU ABI or otherwise know what you are
doing then it is fine to continue installation without the build
tools, but otherwise, install the C++ build tools before proceeding.

Continue? (Y/n) Y

在下一个提示界面，选择 Customize installation：

Welcome to Rust!

This will download and install the official compiler for the Rust
programming language, and its package manager, Cargo.

Rustup metadata and toolchains will be installed into the Rustup
home directory, located at:

  C:\Users\kimim\.rustup

This can be modified with the RUSTUP_HOME environment variable.

The Cargo home directory located at:

  C:\Users\kimim\.cargo

This can be modified with the CARGO_HOME environment variable.

The cargo, rustc, rustup and other commands will be added to
Cargo's bin directory, located at:

  C:\Users\kimim\.cargo\bin

This path will then be added to your PATH environment variable by
modifying the HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Environment/PATH registry key.

You can uninstall at any time with rustup self uninstall and
these changes will be reverted.

Current installation options:


   default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
     default toolchain: stable (default)
               profile: default
  modify PATH variable: yes

1) Proceed with installation (default)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
>2

接下来，在 Default host triple? 处输入 x86_64-pc-windows-gnu 。其他选项都用默认 default

I'm going to ask you the value of each of these installation options.
You may simply press the Enter key to leave unchanged.

Default host triple?
x86_64-pc-windows-gnu

Default toolchain? (stable/beta/nightly/none)
stable

Profile (which tools and data to install)? (minimal/default/complete)
default

Modify PATH variable? (y/n)
y

最后，回到安装选项界面，选择 1 进行安装：

Current installation options:


   default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
     default toolchain: stable
               profile: default
  modify PATH variable: yes

1) Proceed with installation (default)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
>1

然后就会下载一堆程序和文档到 C:\Users\kimim\.cargo

将以下PATH加入到 ~/.bash_profile:

export PATH=/cygdrive/c/Users/kimim/.cargo/bin/:$PATH

测试 Hello World：

$ cargo new helloworld
     Created binary (application) `helloworld` package

$ cd helloworld/
$ cargo run
   Compiling helloworld v0.1.0 (C:\Users\kimim\home\workspace\helloworld)
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 1.01s
     Running `target\debug\helloworld.exe`
Hello, world!

不过，配合 cygwin Emacs 的 rust-analyzer LSP server 似乎有些问题。可能是 cygpath 和 windows 文件路径不一致导致。暂时不知道怎么办。或许还是在 WSL 上用比较方便。