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单词本：英语单词 arbitration

17 July 2016

The South China Sea Arbitration: Illegal, Illegitimate and Invalid1

为什么我们可以说南海仲裁是非法的，违法的并且无效的？那得先从仲裁（arbitration）的定义说起。在学习这个单词之前，先引用一段庄子《齐物论》：

既使我与若辩矣，若胜我，我不若胜，若果是也，我果非也邪？我胜若，若不吾胜，我果是也，而果非也邪？其或是也，其或非也邪？其俱是也，其俱非也邪？我与若不能相知也，则人固受其黮闇，吾谁使正之？使同乎若者正之？既与若同矣，恶能正之！使同乎我者正之？既同乎我矣，恶能正之！使异乎我与若者正之？既异乎我与若矣，恶能正之！使同乎我与若者正之？既同乎我与若矣，恶能正之！然则我与若与人，俱不能相知也，而待彼也邪？化声之相待，若其不相待，和之以天倪，因之以曼衍，所以穷年也。

这段话的大致意思是两个人争论不分胜负，这时候去找一个第三方来仲裁，但是第三方可能和你观点一样，可能和我观点一样，也可能和你我观点都不一样或者都一样，这样你和我还有第三方那个人都没法下定论了。

《齐物论》说的：人固受其黮闇，吾谁使正之，此正之者即仲裁者也。

言归正传，先来学习学习 arbitration 这个单词。

1 arbitration

Settling of a dispute by a person or people chosen to do this by both sides in the dispute.

定义非常清晰：经争端双方要求选择中间人解决争端。

2 Etymology / 源

arbitration 来自拉丁语 arbitratus, arbitrarilatin （作为见证者）的过去分词。

3 Derivation / 衍

  • abiter & arbitrator：仲裁人，裁决人。不过 arbiter 还有权威人士之意。比如 the arbiters of the fashion. 在计算机里，内存、总线的仲裁用 abiter 这个词，比如 memory access arbiter, bus arbiter.
    • Television and film, not Vogue and similar magazines, are the arbiters of fashion.
    • Tiffany markets itself as an arbiter of taste and style. 2蒂芙尼市场推广自己是品味和风格的权威。
    • A memory arbiter is a device used in a shared memory system to decide, for each memory cycle, which CPU will be allowed to access that shared memory.
    • A multiport access memory arbiter was designed to arbitrate the memory access competition between MCU and several inner modules of FPGA.
  • arbitrary：任意、任性、主观的。霸道、专横、独断的。
    • When the return value of a function is always an arbitrary value, you should check whether there is any variable not initialized.
    • DMA is a feature that permits certain hardware devices to access arbitrary physical memory addresses in the host computer.
    • The choice of our boss seems completely arbitrary.
    • This already turns our Constitution into something dependent on his arbitrary will.
    • The way this Trump campaign feels is what arbitrary power feels like. This is what a Trump presidency would feel like, too.
    • One reason constitutional government is such an extremely valuable possession is because it lessens the uncertainty of the social world. The point of having a constitution is to get rid of arbitrary power.3
    • not representing any specific value in Maths: an arbitrary constant.
  • arbitrate：仲裁的动词，做出仲裁。
    • Instead of ushering in external forces, why not let the facts arbitrate?4

4 MultiLanguage / 异

arbitrate: arbitrerfr, schlichtende

  • Dans la pratique, ces lois religieuses sont utilisées pour arbitrer les conflits personnels.
  • Il a fallu arbitrer entre rapidité, parfois même précipitation, et qualité.
  • Ich will, dass Sie einen Streit schlichten.

arbitrary: arbitrairefr, willkürlichde

  • Mann macht willkürlich fremden Frauen in Japan einen Antrag - ohne ein Wort Japanisch sprechen zu können.5
  • Sie kann willkürlich Tränen produzieren.
  • Ainsi, ils ne sont, par exemple, plus exposés aux risques de décision arbitraire de la police.

arbitration: l'arbitragefr, Schiedsspruchde

  • Toute décision opportuniste, que ce soit de la part des Etats-Unis, des Philippines ou de la Cour permanente d'arbitrage, s'avérera vaine en définitive.6
  • Ausländische Experten sehen Schiedsspruch zum Fall im Südchinesischen Meer als politische Farce.7

最后套用上周去上海参加的《Presentation to management team》学到的概念：The competition in the world is mainly the competition of power of redefinition. 中国应对南海仲裁的办法就是重新定义海牙仲裁法庭的合法性问题，从根本上否决仲裁结果。

With that in mind, people may still wonder, if China is so justified, why China does not accept or participate in the arbitration? The Torah teaches: “Distance yourself from that which is false.” The arbitration is totally a false issue.4